Legionella Information
Legionella is a bacteria that lives in freshwater (like lakes) and can be found in manmade plumbing systems, like showerheads and sink faucets. People breathe it in through droplets of contaminated water (showers, misters, etc). Most healthy people do not get sick, but people who are older, have chronic health issues, smoke or have weak immune systems are at risk of getting the infection. When Legionella is detected in a building, owners can use filters and specialized cleaning practices to help keep the water safe.
What is Legionella?
Legionella is a bacteria that causes a lung infection (pneumonia) called Legionnaires’ disease.
Where does Legionella live?
It can be found naturally in freshwater environments (like lakes and streams), but generally only becomes a health concern when it grows and spreads in manmade plumbing structures (e.g., cooling towers, hot tubs, decorative fountains, building water systems).
How is Legionella transmitted?
Legionella bacteria are spread by the release of small droplets of contaminated water into the air from showers, misters, humidifiers, fountains, etc. To cause illness, water droplets must be inhaled (breathed in) by a susceptible person. Legionella is not contagious.
What are the signs & symptoms of Legionnella infection?
The signs and symptoms usually occur a week after breathing in the bacteria (range 2 to 14 days) and may include:
- Cough
- Shortness of breath
- Fever
- Muscle aches
- Headache
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Confusion
Who is at risk for Legionella infection?
Most healthy people exposed to Legionella do not get sick. People who might be at increased risk of getting sick are:
- People 50 years or older
- Current or former smokers
- People with chronic health issues like lung disease (like COPD or emphysema), diabetes, liver disease, or kidney disease
- People with weak immune systems.
How is Legionella infection prevented?
To reduce the risk of Legionella growth in a plumbing system: treat with a disinfectant, install filters, flush the system, clean shower heads/aerators and use bottled water for drinking.
Is there treatment for a Legionella infection?
Yes, Legionella is treated with commonly available antibiotics.
How is it diagnosed?
A medical provider may order a chest X-ray and other tests to make a diagnosis.
What should I do if I have symptoms?
Contact your healthcare provider.